عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم "الطَّهُورُ شَطْرُ الْإِيمَانِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ تَمْلَأُ الْمِيزَانَ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ تَمْلَآنِ -أَوْ: تَمْلَأُ- مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَالصَّلَاةُ نُورٌ، وَالصَّدَقَةُ بُرْهَانٌ، وَالصَّبْرُ ضِيَاءٌ، وَالْقُرْآنُ حُجَّةٌ لَك أَوْ عَلَيْك، كُلُّ النَّاسِ يَغْدُو، فَبَائِعٌ نَفْسَهُ فَمُعْتِقُهَا أَوْ مُوبِقُهَا".
[رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ].
On the authority of Abu Malik al-Harith bin Asim al-Asharee (may Allah be pleased with him) who said:
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Purity is half of iman (faith). ‘Al-hamdu lillah (praise be to Allah)’ fills the scales, and ‘subhan-Allah (how far is Allah from every imperfection) and ‘Al-hamdulillah (praise be to Allah)’ fill that which is between heaven and earth. And the salah (prayer) is a light, and charity is a proof, and patience is illumination, and the Qur’an is a proof either for you or against you. Every person starts his day as a vendor of his soul, either freeing it or causing its ruin.” [Muslim]
This hadith emphasises the significance of purity, prayer, charity, and patience in a Muslim's life, highlighting the Quran as a guide that can either support or testify against us based on how we live our lives.
Imam Nawawi, in his explanation of Sahih Muslim, emphasises that this hadith is "mightily virtuous" and contains pillars of the deen (Islamic faith). The hadith touches on core elements that are foundational to a Muslim’s belief and practice. The virtues mentioned in the hadith reflect essential spiritual qualities and behaviours that define the life of a believer.
The great scholars of Islam have also recognized the profound significance of this hadith. They viewed this hadith as not only a collection of individual virtues but as a comprehensive guide that ties these virtues together, forming a blueprint for leading a righteous life. Each aspect represents a key practice that, when combined, contributes to the strength of a person’s faith and their spiritual journey.
The narrator Abu Malik al-Harith ibn ‘Asim al-Ash‘ari رضي الله عنه is a companion of the Prophet Muhammad SAW from the prominent Ash‘ari tribe of Yemen. He was known for his deep piety and devotion to Islam. He participated in significant battles alongside the Prophet SAW after his migration and contributed to the Muslim community by narrating hadiths. Scholars have mentioned him in respected collections such as Sahih Muslim and Sunan At-Tirmidhi, highlighting his integrity and role in transmitting knowledge.
Although scholars agreed that Abu Malik al-Ash‘ari was a companion of the Prophet SAW, there is some disagreement about his exact name. Despite this, there is a consensus on his status as a companion and a respected figure in the transmission of hadith. His narration of the hadith in Imam Nawawi’s collection emphasises the importance of purity, charity, prayer, and patience, showcasing his deep understanding of key Islamic values.
Purity is Half of Faith
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم "الطَّهُورُ شَطْرُ الْإِيمَانِ
The Messenger of Allah SAW said, “Purity is half of iman (faith)
The phrase الطُّهُورُ شَطْرُ الإِيمَانِ "Purity is half of faith" highlights the vital role of purification in Islam. The term "طُهُور" refers to both physical and ritual purification, such as wudhu and ghusl
Scholars have interpreted this hadith in different ways. One key interpretation connects purification to Salah. Without proper purification, Salah is invalid, underscoring the importance of wudhu. The Prophet Muhammad SAW said, "No Salah is accepted without wudhu," reinforcing that purification is fundamental to the validity of both faith and worship.
The story of Abdullah ibn Umar further illustrates this connection. When Abdullah visited the Prophet SAW during an illness and asked for a supplication, the Prophet reminded him of the importance of wudhu for Salah. This incident serves as a reminder that maintaining physical purity is central to sincere devotion and spiritual connection with Allah.
Scholars such as Imam Nawawi have emphasized that the rewards for purification are comparable to those for fulfilling core pillars of faith. Ritual purification is not just a routine but holds immense spiritual merit. Acts like wudhu cleanse not only the body but also minor sins, providing a fresh start for every act of worship. Just as wudhu removes physical impurities, faith purifies the soul from sin, aligning physical and spiritual purification.
The Prophet’s SAW statement: "Allah will not allow the reward for your faith or Salah to be lost" reinforces the link between purification, Salah, and Iman. While Iman represents a broad spectrum of belief, Salah is its most visible and consistent expression. Purification ensures that both physical and spiritual readiness are maintained before standing in devotion to Allah.
Purification prepares the believer physically, mentally, and spiritually for worship. It serves as a reminder that just as the body requires cleansing, the heart must also be purified from sins and distractions to achieve true sincerity in worship.
Tasbih and Tahmid
وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ تَمْلَأُ الْمِيزَانَ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ تَمْلَآنِ -أَوْ: تَمْلَأُ- مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ
‘Al-hamdu lillah (praise be to Allah)’ fills the scales, and ‘subhan-Allah (how far is Allah from every imperfection) and ‘Al-hamdulillah (praise be to Allah)’ fill that which is between heaven and earth.
In Arabic, "alhamd" refers to intensified praise and gratitude that is due only to Allah. This is because no one can give like Allah, and thus no one else is deserving of such praise. The "lam" in "Alhamdulillah" signifies exclusive possession, meaning Allah alone is worthy of this level of gratitude and praise. No one is deserving of this hamd besides Allah SWT. This truth stands because no one can give us like Allah can. Allah SWT is the praised one, whether you choose to praise Him, forget to praise Him, or do not want to praise Him; it doesn't matter. Whatever your situation is, it doesn’t change His reality—He is always Al-Hameed. So, when we say "alhamdulillah," it fills the scales, and we thank Allah with the greatest praise that only He qualifies to receive. The rewards for this praise are phenomenal and grand.
Subhanallah سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ is a phrase that denotes how free Allah is from any defect. It is announcing, testifying how perfect Allah is, but through the perspective of Him being free from any defect. Alhamdulillah الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ is a means of affirming something. So the تَسْبِيح (tasbih) negates something, and the تَحْمِيد (tahmid) affirms something, and negation is the opposite of affirmation, and affirmation is the opposite of negation.
While Subhanallah and Alhamdulillah can stand alone, they are often used together in Islamic practice. This reinforces the idea that the concepts of glorifying Allah (تَسْبِيح or tasbih) and praising Him (تَحْمِيد or tahmid) are intertwined, both essential in the expression of faith.
The Spiritual Deeds and the Lights
وَالصَّلَاةُ نُورٌ، وَالصَّدَقَةُ بُرْهَانٌ، وَالصَّبْرُ ضِيَاءٌ
And the salah (prayer) is a light, and charity is a proof, and patience is illumination
In Islam, light is a symbol of guidance, clarity, and spiritual elevation. The concept of light manifests in three distinct forms: Nur (نور), Burhan (برهان), and Dhiyaa (ضياء).
Nur represents a luminous, gentle light that brings comfort and clarity. It is often compared to the soft glow of the moon, soothing without overwhelming. In the context of Islamic spirituality, Nur symbolizes the divine guidance and tranquility that comes from Allah's teachings, primarily through the Quran. It illuminates the path of righteousness, helping believers distinguish between right and wrong. Just as the moonlight gently lights up the night, Nur serves as a subtle but consistent reminder of Allah’s presence and mercy, providing peace and clarity in one’s spiritual journey.
Burhan refers to a bright light that provides clarity without the intensity of heat. It is often associated with evidence and proof, bringing clarity to the mind without overwhelming it. In a religious context, Burhan represents the reasoned and evidential aspect of faith—proof of the truth that leads to conviction. It brings understanding without causing confusion or doubt, like the soft brightness of a star in the night sky. Burhan allows believers to see the truth of their faith and actions, providing them with the confidence and conviction needed to live according to Islamic principles.
Dhiyaa, on the other hand, is intense, radiant light filled with heat, much like sunlight. This type of light symbolises strength, power, and vitality, but also intensity. It represents trials, challenges, and the kind of resilience required to withstand difficult circumstances. Dhiyaa can be overwhelming at times, much like the midday sun, but it is essential for growth and development. It reflects the strength one needs to overcome adversity, embodying the heat and energy that fuel spiritual endurance.
Each type of light has a profound connection to key aspects of Islamic worship, namely Salah (prayer), Sadaqah (charity), and Sabr (patience). These practices, deeply ingrained in the life of a believer, are essential for spiritual growth and success in the Hereafter.
Salah, or prayer, is described as Nur. This is because it brings light to a believer’s heart and soul, illuminating their path toward righteousness. Salah serves as a constant reminder of Allah's presence and mercy, offering peace and tranquillity to those who observe it regularly. The act of prayer connects believers directly to Allah, nurturing their souls and providing clarity in life’s challenges. However, maintaining regular Salah, especially in the midst of daily distractions, requires Sabr. Patience is essential in prayer, as it allows believers to remain consistent and focused despite the demands of life. The Prophet Muhammad SAW emphasised that Salah is more than just a ritual; it is a source of spiritual nourishment that requires discipline and dedication.
Sadaqah, or charity, is linked to Burhan. Charity serves as evidence of a believer’s faith and righteousness. It is a tangible expression of one’s commitment to helping others, reflecting the light that shines from their good deeds. Charity brings clarity to one’s character, showcasing their willingness to sacrifice for the sake of others. However, giving in charity often requires Sabr, especially when one is faced with personal financial difficulties. The act of giving, particularly during hard times, necessitates patience and trust in Allah’s provision. Even giving a small amount, such as half a date, can carry immense rewards, as it reflects the sincerity of one’s heart and the strength of their faith.
Sabr, or patience, is associated with Dhiyaa due to its intensity. True patience is not easy; it requires strength, endurance, and perseverance, especially in the face of life’s trials and challenges. The Prophet Muhammad SAW compared patience to an intense light, illustrating that it is a difficult but necessary part of the believer’s journey. Just as sunlight can be overwhelming but essential for growth, patience can be challenging but is crucial for spiritual development. Sabr is needed not only in difficult situations but also in acts of worship, such as Salah and Sadaqah. It helps believers maintain their focus and commitment, even when times are tough.
Describing Sabr as Dhiyaa highlights its significant weight and the effort required to maintain it. Patience demands resilience and the ability to endure discomfort, whether in the form of personal trials or the challenges of staying consistent in worship. This connection to spiritual endurance emphasises that patience is a key factor in one’s spiritual growth. Without patience, maintaining a steady prayer life or giving in charity during difficult times would be nearly impossible. Sabr enables believers to push through obstacles, allowing them to grow closer to Allah and accumulate rewards for their perseverance.
In the hadith, the Prophet Muhammad SAW emphasised the importance of giving in charity, even if it is as small as half a date. This teaching highlights that every act of kindness, no matter how small, contributes to the spiritual light a believer carries. Charity not only helps others but also enhances the spiritual state of the giver. It serves as Burhan, a shining proof of faith, illuminating other good deeds and reflecting the believer’s sincerity and commitment to helping others. However, charity requires Sabr—the patience to give consistently, even in difficult times. The act of giving itself can be a test of faith, requiring patience to overcome personal struggles and trust in Allah’s promise of reward.
The hadith and the explanations of Nur, Burhan, and Dhiyaa provide a comprehensive understanding of how spiritual practices serve different purposes in a believer’s life. Salah nourishes the soul with guidance, like Nur, but requires patience to maintain consistency. Sadaqah acts as proof of faith, like Burhan, but also demands patience to give generously. Sabr prepares the believer to face life’s challenges with strength, like Dhiyaa, helping them overcome trials and tribulations. Together, these practices enable believers to cultivate a life filled with light, clarity, and resilience, allowing them to navigate their spiritual paths effectively.
The Quran repeatedly emphasises the importance of patience and prayer in a believer’s life. In Surah Al-Baqarah, Allah states, "Seek help through patience and prayer, and indeed, it is difficult except for the humbly submissive" (2:45). This verse underscores the need for patience in establishing regular prayer, as it can be challenging yet rewarding. It also highlights that true submission to Allah requires both patience and devotion in worship.
In another verse, Allah says, "O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient" (2:153). This verse further reinforces the connection between patience and prayer, showing that success in worship and life comes through enduring with patience and maintaining regular Salah. Scholars categorise Sabr into three types: patience in obedience, patience in avoiding sin, and patience in facing trials. Each type plays a vital role in a believer’s spiritual development and helps them remain steadfast in their worship and character.
The Quran as Evidence: A Double-Edged Sword
وَالْقُرْآنُ حُجَّةٌ لَك أَوْ عَلَيْك
and the Qur’an is a proof either for you or against you.
This statement highlights the Quran’s dual role in a believer’s life; as either a witness in their favor or a testimony against them, depending on how they engaged with it. It underscores the immense responsibility upon every Muslim to embrace the Quran not merely as a book of recitation but as a guide that shapes their actions and beliefs. On the Day of Judgment, it will either intercede on behalf of those who honored its teachings or stand as evidence against those who neglected them.
The Quran is far more than a sacred text; it is a divine guide meant to illuminate every aspect of a believer’s life, from personal conduct to societal responsibilities. Its verses carry timeless wisdom, offering direction for those who sincerely seek Allah’s guidance. The Quran will advocate for those who recite it with reverence and strive to live by its teachings. The Prophet Muhammad SAW specifically mentioned the advocacy of Surahs Al-Baqarah and Al-Imran, often referred to as Ahzab al-Quran; companions that will offer protection and guidance to the believer on the Day of Judgment.
However, merely reciting the Quran without understanding or implementing its guidance is insufficient. It is not meant to be engaged with superficially. True connection with the Quran requires both recitation and practice. Those who internalize its wisdom and shape their lives according to its divine principles will find it standing beside them as a witness in their favor, leading them toward Allah’s mercy and Jannah (Paradise).
Conversely, the Quran will also bear witness against those who neglect its teachings. If one recites its verses but fails to embody its guidance, the Quran may become a source of condemnation. Beautiful recitation alone does not fulfill its purpose; what truly matters is the sincere effort to understand and apply its teachings in daily life. The Quran was not revealed merely for ritualistic recitation but as a comprehensive guide to living a righteous and meaningful life.
Neglecting the Quran’s teachings, even while reciting it, leads to a disconnect from its transformative power. The Quran is alive with meaning, and its guidance is designed to reshape both individuals and society. Islam is not a religion of passive belief but of active implementation. Therefore, believers must strive not only to be familiar with its words but to allow those words to influence their thoughts, decisions, and actions.
However, merely reciting the Quran without understanding or implementing its guidance is insufficient. It is not meant to be engaged with superficially. True connection with the Quran requires both recitation and practice. Those who internalize its wisdom and shape their lives according to its divine principles will find it standing beside them as a witness in their favor, leading them toward Allah’s mercy and Jannah (Paradise).
Conversely, the Quran will also bear witness against those who neglect its teachings. If one recites its verses but fails to embody its guidance, the Quran may become a source of condemnation. Beautiful recitation alone does not fulfill its purpose; what truly matters is the sincere effort to understand and apply its teachings in daily life. The Quran was not revealed merely for ritualistic recitation but as a comprehensive guide to living a righteous and meaningful life.
Neglecting the Quran’s teachings, even while reciting it, leads to a disconnect from its transformative power. The Quran is alive with meaning, and its guidance is designed to reshape both individuals and society. Islam is not a religion of passive belief but of active implementation. Therefore, believers must strive not only to be familiar with its words but to allow those words to influence their thoughts, decisions, and actions.
The Prophet Muhammad SAW described those who truly uphold the Quran as Ahlul-Quran. This title is not merely for those who recite its verses but for those who live by its wisdom. It requires a deep, heartfelt connection that motivates a believer to apply its principles in their daily lives, ensuring that the Quran serves as a witness in their favor on the Day of Judgment.
The Responsibility of the Believer
كُلُّ النَّاسِ يَغْدُو، فَبَائِعٌ نَفْسَهُ فَمُعْتِقُهَا أَوْ مُوبِقُهَا"
Every person starts his day as a vendor of his soul, either freeing it or causing its ruin.”
The Arabic word "يَغْدُو" refers to setting out early in the morning, a time symbolic of new beginnings, potential, and purpose. Just as a bird leaves its nest in search of sustenance, a believer is encouraged to begin their day with clear intention—striving for both spiritual and worldly success. The early hours are blessed with barakah (divine grace), making them the ideal time for worship, reflection, and setting the tone for the rest of the day.
This metaphor highlights the importance of using time wisely. The morning represents renewal, offering a fresh start with every sunrise. Acts of worship, such as Fajr prayer and reciting the Quran, anchor the believer in mindfulness, ensuring that their day is driven by purpose rather than heedlessness. The way one begins their morning often reflects how they approach life itself—seeking divine sustenance through actions that nourish both the soul and body.
The Prophet SAW likened human actions to trade, where every individual "sells" their soul through their choices. This trade determines their ultimate fate:
"فَمُعْتِقُهَا", The one who frees their soul is the righteous believer who follows Allah’s guidance, restrains worldly temptations, and prioritizes the Hereafter. By submitting to divine will, they break free from the shackles of sin and heedlessness, attaining true liberation.
"أَوْ مُوبِقُهَا", The one who ruins their soul is the person who succumbs to desires, allowing them to dictate their actions. Such an individual becomes enslaved by fleeting pleasures, leading to spiritual decay and ultimate loss.
This hadith serves as a reminder that freedom is not found in indulging one’s desires but in submitting to Allah. The paradox of true liberation in Islam is that the one who becomes a servant of Allah is the one who is genuinely free. This is because they are no longer prisoners of their lower self, societal expectations, or material pursuits. Instead, they attain peace, contentment, and clarity of purpose—qualities that elevate them beyond the transient distractions of this world.
The hadith warns against heedlessly following one's desires, as doing so leads to destruction (mūbiqah). The Quran frequently cautions against taking desires as a "god," highlighting how unchecked passions can corrupt the heart, distort perception, and lead to heedlessness. When desires dominate, they pull the soul away from its higher purpose, causing it to be ensnared in sin and ultimately lost.
The Quran also describes how excessive indulgence in desires hardens the heart, making it blind to guidance. A person who allows their whims to control them risks straying from the path of righteousness. This is why vigilance is crucial—desires do not always appear as blatant disobedience; they can subtly infiltrate the heart, slowly weakening one’s connection to Allah.
Reflecting on this hadith serves as a powerful call to action for every believer. Each day presents a fresh opportunity to consciously choose the path of righteousness. The morning, with all its blessings, is a chance to begin anew, making choices that lead to spiritual freedom rather than ruin. It is essential to ask Allah for guidance and strength to resist the temptations of worldly desires and to stay firm on the path of taqwa (God-consciousness). Engaging in acts of worship like wudhu (ablution), salah (prayer), and tasbih (remembrance of Allah) keeps the believer grounded and focused on the ultimate goal: pleasing Allah.
In conclusion, this hadith encapsulates the essence of daily life for the believer—a life of choices and accountability. The metaphor of trading with one’s soul reminds us of the weight of each decision we make. Alhamdulillah, through reflection and action, we can strive to be among those who free their souls by adhering to the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah. As we strive to embody these teachings, let us make each day a productive journey toward Allah’s pleasure, seeking His guidance and forgiveness along the way. May we be among those who use our mornings wisely, trading our souls for eternal freedom in the Hereafter.
Disclaimer:
Hadith #23 - Haste in Good Deeds
Instructor: Sheikh Dr. Sajid Umar | STEPS TO JANNAH S3 | Forty Hadith Imam Nawawi
Instructor: Sheikh Dr. Sajid Umar | STEPS TO JANNAH S3 | Forty Hadith Imam Nawawi
These are notes sharing from the Steps of Jannah classes online taught by Sheikh Dr Sajid Umar focusing on Hadith 40 an-Nawawi. The classes are still ongoing, every Monday 8pm UK time. If you would like to join, please email stepstojannah12@gmail.com
The notes written are from a student’s personal notes transcribed from the sessions. Should there be any error, May Allah forgive us, and do feedback (ain1810@gmail.com) so that it can get amended, and may it be beneficial to all of us and may Allah reward Jannah to Sh Sajid and his team for the beneficial ‘ilm being shared and to all of the students Steps to Jannah, Ameen.